What Is Parmesan Cheese And How Can You Use It?
What To Know
- It is believed that Benedictine monks in the Parma region of Italy developed the cheese as a way to preserve milk during the summer months.
- Whether you enjoy it grated over pasta, shaved on a salad, or simply as a standalone treat, Parmesan cheese is a testament to the rich culinary heritage of Italy.
- Real Parmesan cheese will have a hard, granular texture, a nutty flavor, and a PDO stamp on the rind.
Parmesan cheese, also known as Parmigiano-Reggiano, is a hard, granular Italian cheese produced from cow’s milk. It is renowned for its rich, nutty flavor and long shelf life. Parmesan is a protected designation of origin (PDO) product, meaning it can only be produced in specific regions of Italy.
History and Origins
The origins of Parmesan cheese can be traced back to the Middle Ages. It is believed that Benedictine monks in the Parma region of Italy developed the cheese as a way to preserve milk during the summer months. The cheese quickly gained popularity and became a staple in Italian cuisine.
Production Process
The production of Parmesan cheese is a meticulous and time-consuming process. Here are the key steps:
- Milk Collection: The milk used to make Parmesan cheese must come from cows that are fed on a specific diet of grass and hay.
- Coagulation: The milk is heated and rennet is added to cause it to coagulate into curds.
- Curd Cutting: The curds are cut into small pieces to release whey.
- Heating and Stirring: The curds are heated and stirred to promote further whey release and develop the desired texture.
- Molding: The curds are placed in molds and pressed to form wheels.
- Salting: The wheels are submerged in a brine solution for several weeks to extract excess moisture and promote flavor development.
- Aging: The wheels are aged for at least 12 months, but typically for 24 to 36 months. During aging, the cheese develops its characteristic flavor and texture.
Nutritional Value
Parmesan cheese is a nutritious food source. It is rich in:
- Protein: A good source of protein, essential for building and repairing tissues.
- Calcium: Excellent source of calcium, crucial for strong bones and teeth.
- Fat: Contains a high percentage of fat, mostly in the form of saturated fat.
- Vitamins: Contains vitamins A, B12, and K2.
- Minerals: Rich in minerals such as zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus.
Culinary Uses
Parmesan cheese is a versatile ingredient used in various culinary applications:
- Grated: Commonly used as a topping for pasta, pizza, salads, and soups.
- Shaved: Adds a delicate flavor and texture to salads, carpaccio, and vegetables.
- Whole: Can be served as a standalone appetizer or paired with fruit, nuts, and honey.
Shelf Life and Storage
Properly stored, Parmesan cheese has a long shelf life. Here are some tips:
- Whole Wheel: Can be stored for up to 2 years in a cool, dark place.
- Cut Pieces: Should be wrapped tightly and refrigerated for up to 6 months.
- Grated: Can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 1 month.
Health Benefits
In addition to its nutritional value, Parmesan cheese has been associated with several health benefits:
- Bone Health: High calcium content supports bone density and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.
- Dental Health: Contains compounds that inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause cavities.
- Heart Health: Contains conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which has been linked to reduced risk of heart disease.
Summary: The Culinary Legacy of Parmesan Cheese
Parmesan cheese is a culinary treasure that has stood the test of time. Its distinctive flavor, nutritional value, and versatility have made it an indispensable ingredient in cuisines worldwide. Whether you enjoy it grated over pasta, shaved on a salad, or simply as a standalone treat, Parmesan cheese is a testament to the rich culinary heritage of Italy.
Answers to Your Most Common Questions
Q: What is the difference between Parmesan and Parmigiano-Reggiano?
A: Parmesan is the generic term for hard, granular Italian cheese, while Parmigiano-Reggiano is the specific PDO-protected cheese produced in the Parma and Reggio Emilia regions of Italy.
Q: Can I freeze Parmesan cheese?
A: Yes, you can freeze Parmesan cheese, but it’s not recommended as it can alter the texture and flavor.
Q: Is Parmesan cheese lactose-free?
A: Parmesan cheese is not lactose-free but contains very low levels of lactose due to the aging process.
Q: How can I tell if Parmesan cheese is real?
A: Real Parmesan cheese will have a hard, granular texture, a nutty flavor, and a PDO stamp on the rind.
Q: What is the best way to grate Parmesan cheese?
A: For the best flavor and texture, use a box grater or a microplane to grate Parmesan cheese.